Sumerian Time Line

• Ubaid Period in Mesopotamia (c. 5900 B.C.)

• first Mesopotamian cities erected (c. 5000 B.C.)

• Sumerians develop pictographs (c. 4000 B.C.)
• Sumerians settle in Mesopotamia (c. 3500 B.C.)
• wheel in use in Mesopotamia (c. 3250 B.C.)

• Sumerian writing evolves into cuneiform (c. 3000 B.C.)
• Gilgamesh rules Uruk (Erech) (c. 2600 B.C.)
• Mis-anni-padda, king of Ur, first recorded ruler of Sumer (c. 2500 B.C.)
• Eannatum of Lagash repels the Elamites from Lagash while consolidating control of Sumer (c. 2457 B.C.)
• Sargon defeats Lugalzaggisi and becomes ruler of Sumer-Akkad (c. 2340 B.C.)
• Gutians conquer Sumer-Akkad (c. 2230 B.C.)
• Ur revolts and throws off Akkadian rule (c. 2125)
• Utuhegal expels the Gutians (c. 2120 B.C.)
• Ur-Nammu of Ur usurps Utuhegal and becomes king of Sumer (c. 2112 B.C.)
• Abraham leaves Ur (c. 2100 B.C.)
• earliest known legal texts written by Ur-Nammu, king of Ur (2100 B.C.)
• Shulgi of Ur conquers Susa of Elam, but independent Elamite kings continue to rule from Simashki (c. 2060 B.C.)
• Enpi-Luhhan of Elam drives the Sumerians from Ur (2021 B.C.)
• Ibbi-Sin of Ur counterattacks and captures Enpi-Luhhan, but is unable to control Elam (2017 B.C.)
• Ishbi-Erra, king of Isin and former general of Ibbi-Sin, begins conquest of Sumer (c. 2016 B.C.)
• Hutran-Tempti of Elam attacks and destroys Ur

• Hammurabi founds Babylonia effectively bringing an end to Sumer (c. 1763 B.C.)